Astronomy is divided into several branches such as Astrophysics, Astrometeorology, Astrobiology, Astrogeology and Astrometry. These branches together help in the holistic study of the discipline and unravel the mysteries of the universe.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.Sc. in Physics -> M.Sc. in Physics/Astronomy & Astrophysics -> Ph.D in Astronomy & Astrophysics.

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An Astrophysicist deals especially with the behaviour, physical properties and dynamic processes of celestial objects and phenomena. They study the Universe, its origin and development and future dynamics. They work in exciting projects such as exploration of lives in distant galaxies, setting up space stations, enumerating the life span of a star and exploring the paths of asteroids, which may hit earth.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.Sc. in Physics -> M.Sc. in Physics/Astronomy & Astrophysics -> Ph.D in Astronomy & Astrophysics.

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An expert in this field deals with chemicals - used for producing drugs, food (for colouring, flavouring and preserving agents), petrochemicals, plastic, synthetic materials, soaps, cosmetics, paints, coatings, agrochemicals etc. Almost all manufacturing and production processes need some chemicals as raw materials. As a chemistry scientist you will be responsible for studying the composition and properties like acidity and density of substances. This knowledge acquired will help you to reproduce artificial substances and useful processes.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths-> B.Sc. in Chemistry -> M.Sc. in Analytical Chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Inorganic Chemistry/Industrial Chemistry/Bio chemistry/Physical Chemistry/related.

Engineering Physicists apply the knowledge of Physics into the Engineering field, i.e. manufacturing and production processes. They study strengths of materials, mechanics, physical properties of various materials, mechanism of reaction and other interaction between various materials, etc.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.Sc. in Physics -> M.Sc. in Physics OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.Sc. in Physics -> B.Tech in Applied Physics OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.E. or B.Tech in Engineering -> M.Tech in Applied Physics OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.Sc. in Physics/BE or B.Tech in Engineering -> M.Sc. in Physics/ME or M.Tech in Engineering -> Ph.D in Theoretical/Applied Physics.

Physics is the most fundamental of sciences, for Physics examines the basic laws of nature. Physicists also study the properties and interactions of matter and energy in all their forms. Specialised areas for physicists are mechanics, atomic and molecular physics, heat, optics, acoustics, electricity and magnetism, electronics, nuclear physics, physics of fluids, solid state physics or classical theoretical physics.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.Sc. in Physics -> M.Sc. in Physics OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths ->B.Sc. in Physics -> B.Tech in Applied Physics OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.E. or B.Tech in Engineering-> M.Tech in Applied Physics OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry Maths -> B.Sc. in Physics/BE or B.Tech in Engineering -> M.Sc. in Physics/M.E or M.Tech in Engineering -> Ph.D. in Theoretical/Applied Physics.

Geologists study the earth’s history, composition and structure.  They explore deserts, oceans, mountains, etc.  to understand their nature.    A geologist can specialize in Mineralogy, Petrology, Hydrology, Structural Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Marine Geology and Seismology.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.Sc. in Geology -> M.Sc. in Geology/ Applied Geology/Marine Geology/Oceanography/Mineral Exploration & Mineral Processing.

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Materials Scientists research and study the structures and chemical properties of various natural and manmade materials.  These include metals, alloys, rubber, ceramics, semiconductors, polymers and glass.  They determine ways to strengthen or combine materials.  Material scientists also develop new material specific properties.  These are used in variety of products and applications.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.E. in Materials Science & Engineering -> M.Tech in Materials Science & Engineering OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.E./B.Tech in any branch of Engineering --- M.Tech in Materials Science OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.Sc. in Physics -> M.Sc. in Materials Science -> M.Tech/Ph.D in Materials Science.

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Mathematics as a subject used to be only of theoretical importance but, with the complexities in Applied Science and Technology increasing, application of Mathematics is finding new areas.  These include Computer science, System automation, Biotechnology, Geology etc. They specialize in different branches such as arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, trigonometry, etc. 

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.Sc. in Mathematics -> M.Sc. in Mathematics OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.Sc. in Statistics/B.Stat -> M.Sc. in Mathematics OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.E.-> Fellowship in Mathematics leading to a Ph. D OR
• 10+2 in any subject with Maths as a subject -> MA/M.Sc. in Mathematics.

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Oceanography is the science of oceans.   Oceanographers also forecast the weather along with maintaining and deciphering marine data.  They collect samples and use the findings to dig up oil and other mineral sources.  Oceanographers also focus research on environmental issues such as dumping toxic chemicals, effects on eco-systems, ecology etc.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemsitry, Mathematics/Biology -> B.Sc. in Physics/Chemistry/ Mathematics/Zoology
• -> M.Sc. in Oceanography/Physical Oceanography/Marine Biology/Marine Life Sciences/related.

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An Operations Researcher determines the best way to perform a task, which, on one hand minimises cost, time and effort whereas on the other hand, increases productivity.  Managers begin the process by describing the symptoms of a problem to the Analyst, who then formally defines the problems.  Operations Research analysts study such problems and break them into their component parts. 

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics -> B.Sc. in Mathematics/Statistics -> M.Sc. in Operations Research/Post Graduate Diploma in Operations Research OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics -> B.E./B.Tech in Engineering -> M.E. in Industrial Engineering & Operations Research.

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A statistician's job is to make these conclusions simple enough for the layman to understand. Statisticians specialize in various areas according to the work they get involved in. These include Biostatistics & Health Statistics, Mathematical Statistics, Operations Research, Statistical Quality Control, Quantitative Economics and Applied Statistics.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics/Mathematics & Statistics/any stream with mathematics as a subject OR B.Sc. in Statistics/B. Stat-> M.Sc. in Statistics/M.Stat.

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Agricultural scientists study and apply principles of biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, and other sciences to improve and increase agricultural production. They are involved in both laboratory based and field based research. They work in various areas including the study of relationship between organisms and their environment, soil and water, structures and the environment, genetics and plant breeding, seeds and quality of crops or plant diseases and microorganisms.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with PCB -> B.Sc. in Agricultural Science/Botany-> M.Sc. in Agricultural Science.

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The biochemist studies chemical changes involved in physiological processes such as metabolism, reproduction, heredity, growth, brain functions, hormones etc. It involves the study of chemical compositions and molecular structure of bio molecules like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids, vitamins etc. Biochemistry has a wide range of scientific applications such as nutrition and dietetics, medicine, animal science, agriculture, pharmaceutical sciences, food processing and biotechnology.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with PCB/PCM -> B.Sc. in Chemistry/Biosciences with Chemistry as a subject -> M.Sc. in Biochemistry

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This field specializes in computer software that enables in-depth research into the mysteries of life sciences. The application of bioinformatics software has cut down the research time drastically. A bioinformaticist uses computer software tools for understanding the nature of data generated in life science research and converts them into a mathematical form using a computer. Bioinformatics is used in areas such as advanced life science research, biochemical engineering, drug design, vaccine design, etc.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with PCM or PCB -> B.Sc. & M.Sc in Physical Science/Bioscience ->Diploma in Bioinformatics.
• 10+2 with PCM -> B.Sc. Computer Science/IT/B.C.A/->M.Sc. Computer Science/MCA -> Diploma in Bioinformatics.
• 10+2 with PCM ->B.E./B.Tech -> Diploma in Bioinformatics.
• 10+2 with PCM/PCB -> Bachelor's degree in Science (physical, mathematical, computational, life sciences, agriculture, engineering, medicine, pharmacy, technology and veterinary science) -> M.Sc. in Bioinformatics.
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Maths/Statistics -> B.Sc. in Bioinformatics/M.Sc. or Diploma in Bioinformatics.
• 10+2 with PCMB -> B.Tech Bioinformatics -> M.Tech Bioinformatics.

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Biomedical Engineering may be defined as the application of engineering to medicine. Biomedical Engineers apply the concepts of biology as well as physics and chemistry to develop products and devices, which are used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Some examples are the artificial heart (pace maker), and other artificial organs (prosthetics), use of laser in surgery, cryosurgery, use of computers in diagnosis.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology -> MBBS -> M.Sc. in Biomedical Science/ M.Sc. - Ph.D in Biomedical Science/Master's in Biomedical Engineering OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology -> B.E./B.Tech in Biomedical Engineering OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology -> B.Sc. in Biological Science -> M.Sc. in Biomedical Science/ M.Sc. - Ph.D in Biomedical Science/M.Sc. in Biological Science and then a Master's degree in Biomedical Engineering.

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A biotechnologist is essentially involved in manipulating or re-engineering biochemical processes or genetic codes of cells to produce products, which are beneficial to mankind. They are also involved in gene therapy, fertility control, improving food nutritional value, reducing pollution, increasing livestock productivity, development of contraceptives, etc.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with PCMB -> B.Tech in Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering/Industrial Biotechnology OR
• 10+2 with PCB -> B.Sc. in Biotechnology -> M.Sc. in Biotechnology OR
• 10+2 with PCM -> B.E/B.Tech in Agricultural Engineering/Chemical Engineering/Chemical Tech (Food Tech)/Pharmaceutical Tech -> M.Tech in Biotech OR
• 10+2 with PCB -> MBBS/B.V.Sc. & AH -> M.Sc. in Biotechnology OR
• 10+2 with PCMB -> B.Sc. in Physical or Biological Science -> M.Sc. in Physical or Biological Science -> M.Tech in Biotechnology Physics/Biochemistry/Biophysics/Physiology/Other Biological Science subjects/Biomedical Science/MBBS/MD, it is possible to obtain a Ph.D in Biotechnology and thereafter pursue a career as a Biotechnologist.

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A biophysicist researches and studies physical principles of living cells and organisms, their electrical and mechanical energy, and related phenomena.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.Sc. in Physics/Chemistry with Physics as a subject -> M.Sc. in Biophysics/Molecular Biology OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology -> B.Sc. in Biological Science -> M.Sc. in Biophysics/Molecular Biology

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Botanists are concerned with the study of plants and plant life.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology -> B.Sc. in Botany -> M.Sc. in Botany

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An Environmental Scientist is concerned about issues such as global warming, rising of sea level, suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the air, level of nitrogen dioxide in the air, etc. They are also concerned about lead pollution from paints used for various applications, sulphur dioxide pollution from industries, polluted river water, pollution in the sea, sound pollution, etc. Some of the specialized fields are: Environmental Planning and Environmental Engineering.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physical Sc./Biological Sc. -> B.Sc. in Physical/Biological Sc./Environmental Sc. -> M.Sc. in Environmental Science.

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Fishery scientists study fish and fauna and their research projects are focused on the effects of human activities on aquatic systems. The job involves not just experimenting in a laboratory, but also working in fish farms. Fishery scientists strategize aquatic systems through fish community management, assess the impact of change in habitat on fishes and review the experiment methodology.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology -> Bachelor of Fisheries Science -> M.F.Sc. OR 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology -> B.Sc. in Zoology -> M.Sc. in Fisheries Science.

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A Food Technologist is equipped with the knowledge of processing foodstuffs, storage, research and quality control. They experiment and determine the parameters for storage such as hygiene, temperature, etc. They also work in the quality control department, operations department, Research & Development etc.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology -> B.Sc. in Biological Science --- Post graduation in Food Science/Applied Nutrition/Food & Nutrition/related course OR
• 10+2 in Home Science and Chemistry -> B.Sc. in Home Science -> M.Sc. in Home Science with specialization in Food Science/Applied Nutrition/Food & Nutrition OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics -> B.Tech in Food Technology OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics -> B.E. in Chemical Engineering --- M.Tech in Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering OR
• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.Sc. in Chemistry -- B.Tech in Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering.

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A Forestry scientist devises, implements and monitors detailed management plans for protection and conservation of forest resources and identification and protection of endangered species. They constantly monitor habitat parameters, resources and human population. Some of the broad areas of work are Biological diversity, Human Ecology, Co-development, Plantation Forestry, Climate Change and Tropical Forests.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology -> B.Sc. in Forestry/Zoology ->M.Sc. in Forestry /Wild Life Science/Wild Life Biology OR
• Graduation in Agricultural Science/Botany/Zoology/Chemical Engineering/Civil Engineering/Physics/Chemistry -> Indian Forest Services/State Forest Services

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As a Geneticist you will be responsible for studying and researching into genetics .

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology -> B.Sc. in Biological/Physical Science/Medical Science
• -> M.Sc. in Biotechnology/Biomedical Science/Genetics/ Biochemistry/Biophysics/Molecular Biology/Other related field -> Ph.D. in Genetics.

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Horticulture is the science and art of producing nutritious food for the body: fruits, nuts and vegetable crops as well as beautiful food for the soul: flowers, ornamental plants and lawns.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology -> B.Sc. in Horticulture/Agriculture -> M.Sc. in Horticulture/Agriculture with Specialization in Horticulture.

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(Cultivation of fruits, shrubs and vines), Olericulture (Plants raised for use as vegetables), Floriculture (Production and use of flowering and foliage plants) and Ornamental Horticulture (Plants grown outdoors for landscaping).

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology -> B.Sc. in Horticulture/Agriculture -> M.Sc. in Horticulture/Agriculture with Specialization in Horticulture.

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Marine researchers experiment with ways to administer drugs to diseased populations of farm-raised fish.  They are concerned with the study and research of living organism of the sea.  Other popular areas within the field of marine biology are environmental biology and toxicology.  Both of these areas have direct applications and implications for our society.    The emerging field of Marine Biotechnology offers great opportunity for marine biologists where research presents a wide range of possibilities and applications.  One focus area is the biomedical field, where scientists develop and test drugs, many of which come from marine organisms.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology -> B.Sc. in Zoology with Chemistry/Botany/Biochemistry as subsidiary subjects -> M.Sc. in Marine Biology.

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Microbiologists are involved in extensive research to understand the physiology of microorganisms as well as the cause and development of microbial diseases in plants and animals.  They research the physiology and genetic profile of microorganism, determine their life cycle, how diseases are caused in addition how to prevent and cure the same.  They are also involved in researching plant and animal diseases and identifying microorganisms responsible for the diseases.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology -> B.Sc. in Microbiology/Zoology -> M.Sc. in Microbiology.

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A Molecular Biologist studies biological phenomena in terms of the physiochemical properties of the molecules in a cell.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with PCBM -> B.Sc. in Biological Science/B.Sc. in Physics/Chemistry -> M.Sc. in Molecular Biology/Biophysics/ OR
• 10+2 with PCBM -> B.Sc. in Physical Science or Biological Science -> M.Sc. in Physical or Biological Science -> Ph.D in Molecular Biology.

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Nanotechnology is said to be the art and science of manipulating and rearranging individual atoms and molecules to create useful materials, devices, and systems. Nanotechnology will affect every aspect of our lives, from the medicines we use, to the clothes we wear, the energy supplies we require, the cars we drive, the cosmetics we use, the buildings we live in, and the food we eat.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 in Physics, Chemistry, Maths ->B.Tech in Biotechnology/Mechanical/Electronics OR 10+2 in Physics, Chemistry, Maths -> B.Sc. in PCM or Biotechnology -> M.Tech in Nanotechnology.

The science of diagnosing and treating diverse types of diseases in birds and animals. It is essential for a vet to understand animal psychology as his patients are mute and cannot express their feelings.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology -> B.Sc. in Zoology -> M.Sc. in Zoology.

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A Zoologist studies the origins, behaviour, diseases, genetics, and life processes of animals and wildlife. A zoologist may specialize in wildlife research and management including the collection and analysis of biological data to determine the environmental effects of present as well as potential use of land and water areas.

Eligiblity:

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology -> B.Sc. in Zoology -> M.Sc. in Zoology.

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