VOCATIONAL TRAINING

THE PROFESSION

The higher secondary education are important terminal stages in the system of general education because it is at these points that the youth decide on whether to pursue higher education, opt for technical training or join the work force. Educationists and experts have consistently recommended that education at these stages should be given a vocational bias to link it with the world of employment.
Vocational courses in India aims to develop skilled manpower through diversified courses to meet the requirement f mainly the unorganized sector and to instill self-employment skills in people through a large number of self employment orient courses.

Vocational course is primarily designed to offer a pragmatic insight into the requirement of particular types of jobs. Such courses are thoroughly application-based wherein theoretical-conceptual dimensions of a field are not studied independently, but are subordinated to the understanding of techno-operational aspects of specific jobs.

VOCATIONAL TRAINNIG IN INDIA

In India , Vocational Education falls under the charge of the Ministry of Human Resources Development(MHRD).The Ministry overseas vocational courses being offered in school grades XI&XII under a Centrally Sponsored Scheme called "Vocationalization of Secondary Education" since 1988. Only the schools affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) offer the courses in accordance with the board's scheme of studies and the course structure. The courses are of two-year duration.

The six major discipline courses are:

• Diaring
• Farm machinery & equipment (Agriculture),
• Accounting and auditing (Business and Commerce)
• Electrical Technology, Air-conditioning and refrigeration (Engineering and Technology)
• X-ray technician,
• Health care and beauty culture (Health and Para Medical).and preservation of fruits and vegetables, food services and management (Home Sciences and Humanities)

As per the constitution of India, the central government and the state government share responsibility for vocational training. The DGET is the nodal department for formulation policies, laying down standards and other technical requirements for vocational training. It also governs a number of specialized training -related institutions. The ITSs, both public and private, operate under the general guidance of the DGET. Two bodies-the central Apprenticeship council (CAC), a statutory body and the National Council of Vocational Training (NCVT), a non-statutory body-operate as advisory institutions.
NCVT Functions involve:

• Establishing and awarding National Trade Certificates in engineering and non-engineering trades,
  Prescribing standards for syllabi, equipment, space, duration of courses and methods of training:
• Arranging trade tests and laying down standards of proficiency required for the National Trade Certificate:
• Recognition of training institutions for the purpose of issuing National Trade Certificates and laying down conditions for such recognition.
  

MEANING

Vocational training refers to the imparting of specialized skills and knowledge, and instilling social and political attitudes and behavior patterns essential for successful economic activities by people engaged in dependents employment, self-employment or subsistence work.

Vocational Education in a much broader sense cover education and skill development at all levels from post primary to tertiary education- both through formal and non-formal programmes.

TYPES OF VOCATIONAL TRAINNIG

Vocational training can be of various types depending on the way it has been acquired. 'Formal training' refers to all training courses held in state or private (state-certified) institutions and regulated by sate guidelines.

Non-formal training covers al forms of training which takes place without being subject to state guidelines. In-company apprenticeships, both in formal or informal sector enterprises, are one of the most common forms of non-formal training.

Vocational training, on the other hand, broadly refers to certified level crafts training and is open to students who leave school after completing anywhere from grades8-12.programmes administered under the Craftsmen Training Scheme (CTS).are operated by industrial training institutes(it is) and industrial training centers(ITCs).this scheme falls within the purview of the Directorate General of Employment Training (DGET),under the Ministry of Labour and Employment(MOLE)

At a higher level, the technical education and vocational training system in India produces a labour force through a three-tier system:

• Graduate and Post graduate level specialists (e.g. Indian institutes of technology (IIT) and engineering colleges) trained as engineers and technologists.
• Diploma-level graduates (who are trained in polytechnics as technicians and supervisors)
• Certificate-level craft people trained in ITI s as well as through formal apprenticeships as semi-skilled ands skilled workers.